Knee Cap Dislocation & MPFL Reconstruction | Dr. SK Gupta, Bhopal
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Knee & Shoulder Surgeon
About Dr. S.K. Gupta
M.S. (Ortho.) Mumbai,
M.R.C.S., F.I.A.S. (Japan),
F.A.P.O.A. (Singapore),
- Arthroscopy,
- Joint Reconstruction,
- Sport Injury Surgery.
Dr. S.K. Gupta Contribution In Knee Dislocation Treatment
- Faculty and delivered talk on MPFL Reconstruction CEZCON September 2022
- At Gunma sports medicine research centre Japan, with exposure in Patellar Dislocation Surgery, MPFL reconstruction and Revision reconstruction. Worked with Dr Masashi Kimura, Gunma sports medicine research centre, Japan, with exposure in arthroscopy and sports injury
- SKG -Faculty Patellofemoral course Jun 2024 Nagpur talk and panel discussion on recurrent patellar dislocation
All About Knee Dislocation Treatment
Knee dislocation is a rare but severe injury that involves a complete displacement of the bones in the knee joint. This condition can result from high-impact trauma, such as a car accident or sports injury, and often leads to damage to the ligaments, blood vessels, and nerves surrounding the knee. Knee dislocations are considered a medical emergency and require immediate treatment to prevent long-term complications.
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Dr. S.K. Gupta is a renowned surgical orthopedic doctor practising in India.
1. Introduction — Understanding Patella Dislocation
If your kneecap has slipped out of place — whether during a sporting movement, a fall, or even a simple daily activity — you have experienced patella dislocation. It is a frightening, acutely painful event that can leave the knee swollen, weak, and profoundly unstable. In Bhopal and across India, patella dislocation is one of the most underdiagnosed causes of chronic knee problems, particularly in young athletes, adolescents, and active adults.
When the primary stabilising structure of the kneecap — the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) — is torn or stretched, the patella loses its anchor and can dislocate repeatedly. Each episode causes further cartilage damage, accelerating the path to early arthritis. For those experiencing recurrent dislocation, MPFL Reconstruction Surgery is today the gold-standard treatment — offering reliable, long-lasting kneecap stability and a full return to sport and active life.
Dr. SK Gupta, MS Ortho, Senior Orthopaedic and Sports Knee Surgeon at Apollo Sage Hospital, Bhopal, and India’s first arthroscopy surgeon to receive the prestigious FAANA (Fellow of the Arthroscopy Association of North America) Fellowship, is among the country’s foremost authorities on patella stabilisation surgery. With over 21 years of experience and 12,000+ surgeries, Dr. Gupta brings internationally benchmarked expertise to patients from across Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, and all of India.
This comprehensive guide explains everything you need to know about patella dislocation and MPFL reconstruction — from anatomy and diagnosis to surgical technique, recovery, and why Bhopal’s Apollo Sage Hospital is a national centre of excellence for this procedure.
2. Anatomy of the Knee: Why the Patella Dislocates
The patella (kneecap) is a small, triangular bone embedded within the quadriceps tendon at the front of the knee. It glides within a groove on the femur (thigh bone) called the trochlea, acting as a pulley to amplify the force of the quadriceps muscle. Several structures keep the patella centred in this groove:
- Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) — the primary restraint against lateral (outward) displacement, contributing approximately 50–60% of medial stability
- Trochlear groove — the bony channel in which the patella tracks during knee flexion and extension
- Vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) — the inner quadriceps muscle that dynamically controls patellar position
- Tibial tuberosity — the bony prominence below the kneecap where the patellar tendon inserts
When the patella is forcefully pushed laterally — whether by a direct blow, a sudden twist, or abnormal anatomy — the MPFL tears, allowing the kneecap to dislocate. Without ligament reconstruction, the patella remains vulnerable to repeat dislocations.
3. Causes and Risk Factors
Patella dislocation can occur in anyone but is significantly more common in individuals with certain anatomical variants or risk factors:
- Trochlear dysplasia — a shallow or malformed trochlear groove that fails to contain the patella securely
- Patella alta — an abnormally high-riding kneecap, increasing instability
- Increased tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance — a bony alignment abnormality
- Ligamentous laxity — generalised joint looseness, common in young females
- Lateral retinacular tightness — pulls the kneecap outward
- Sports involving sudden pivoting, jumping, or direction changes — football, basketball, dance, gymnastics
- Previous patella dislocation — the single greatest risk factor for recurrence
4. Signs and Symptoms of Patella Dislocation
Recognising the symptoms of patella dislocation early prevents the escalating cartilage damage that follows repeated episodes:
- Sudden, severe pain at the front of the knee, often at the moment of injury
- Visible kneecap displacement — the kneecap appears shifted to the outer side of the knee
- Immediate swelling (haemarthrosis) — blood in the joint from the torn MPFL
- Inability to straighten or bend the knee
- Sensation of the knee ‘giving way’ or feeling unstable
- Tenderness along the inner (medial) border of the kneecap
- In recurrent cases — episodes of partial slippage (subluxation) without full dislocation
Important: Even if the kneecap reduces spontaneously, the MPFL tear requires expert evaluation. Delayed treatment significantly worsens outcomes.
5. Diagnosis: How Is Patella Dislocation Confirmed?
Dr. SK Gupta performs a detailed clinical and imaging evaluation to determine the severity of MPFL injury, identify any associated bone or cartilage damage, and plan the most appropriate treatment:
Clinical Examination
- J-Sign test — observing abnormal patellar tracking during knee straightening
- Apprehension test — assessing patient anxiety and muscle guarding during lateral patellar pressure
- Patella tilt and glide testing
- Assessment of overall limb alignment and ligamentous laxity
Imaging Investigations
- X-ray (AP, lateral, and skyline views) — evaluates trochlear morphology, patellar height, and TT-TG distance
- MRI — assesses MPFL tear grade, cartilage damage, and bone bruising
- CT scan — accurately measures TT-TG distance and trochlear dysplasia severity
These investigations together allow Dr. Gupta to determine whether conservative treatment is appropriate or whether MPFL reconstruction is indicated.
6. Treatment Options: Conservative vs. Surgical
Not all patella dislocations require immediate surgery. Dr. SK Gupta takes a personalised approach:
Conservative (Non-Surgical) Management
Appropriate for: First-time dislocation in a skeletally immature patient without significant cartilage damage or bone fragment.
- Immobilisation with a brace for 2–4 weeks
- RICE protocol (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)
- Physiotherapy: quadriceps and VMO strengthening, patellofemoral taping
- Gradual return to sport under physiotherapist supervision
Limitation: Conservative treatment in patients with risk factors for recurrence (dysplasia, laxity, high TT-TG) carries a recurrence rate exceeding 50%.
Surgical Treatment — MPFL Reconstruction
Recommended when: Two or more dislocation episodes; failed conservative management; athlete requiring full sports return; significant cartilage at risk; large MPFL disruption on MRI.
Feature | Non-Surgical / Conservative | MPFL Reconstruction Surgery |
Recurrence Risk | High (>50% for recurrent cases) | Very Low (<5% with proper technique) |
Return to Sports | Partial / Limited | Full return typically 4–6 months |
Long-term Stability | Poor in chronic cases | Excellent — restores native anatomy |
Cartilage Protection | Ongoing risk of damage | Prevents further cartilage injury |
Best Suited For | First-time dislocation, young child | Recurrent dislocation, athletes, chronic instability |
7. MPFL Reconstruction: The Gold Standard Surgery
MPFL reconstruction has emerged as the international gold standard for recurrent patella dislocation over the past two decades, supported by a strong evidence base in peer-reviewed orthopaedic literature. The procedure recreates the torn medial patellofemoral ligament using a tendon graft — restoring the native anatomy and providing reliable, durable patellar stability.
Quick Answer: What Does MPFL Reconstruction Involve?
MPFL reconstruction involves harvesting a tendon graft (usually gracilis), anchoring it to the medial border of the patella using suture anchors, routing it through the medial soft tissues, and fixing it to the femur at the anatomical MPFL footprint. The result is a reconstructed ligament that holds the kneecap securely in its groove.
Dr. SK Gupta combines standard MPFL reconstruction with arthroscopic assessment of cartilage and joint health, addressing any loose bodies or chondral lesions simultaneously. Where bone-based deformity is significant (high TT-TG distance, severe trochlear dysplasia), additional procedures such as tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) or trochleoplasty may be performed to optimise the result.
8. Types of Graft Used in MPFL Reconstruction
- Gracilis tendon autograft — the most commonly used graft; harvested from the patient’s own hamstrings; provides excellent strength and reliable healing
- Quadriceps tendon autograft — used in revision cases or larger patients; provides robust tissue
- Hamstring tendon autograft — semitendinosus; occasionally preferred for anatomical reasons
- Allograft (donor tissue) — used in revision surgery or when autograft is unavailable
Dr. SK Gupta will discuss graft selection with you at your pre-operative consultation, based on your anatomy, activity level, and surgical findings. He uses fluoroscopic guidance to ensure precise femoral tunnel placement at the anatomical MPFL isometric point — a critical technical detail that determines long-term outcome.
9. The Surgical Procedure: Step by Step
Under general or spinal anaesthesia, Dr. SK Gupta performs MPFL reconstruction as follows:
- Step 1: Diagnostic arthroscopy — the knee joint is visualised through a small camera to assess cartilage, menisci, and confirm the extent of MPFL injury
- Step 2: Graft harvest — the gracilis tendon is harvested through a 3–4 cm incision below the knee
- Step 3: Patellar fixation — the graft is secured to the medial border of the patella using dedicated suture anchors
- Step 4: Femoral tunnel preparation — under fluoroscopic guidance, a precise tunnel is drilled at the anatomical MPFL origin on the femur
- Step 5: Graft tensioning and fixation — the graft is routed through the medial soft tissues and fixed in the femoral tunnel at the correct tension
- Step 6: Stability check — patellar tracking is assessed throughout the full range of motion to confirm optimal graft position
- Step 7: Wound closure and dressing — the small incisions are closed and a padded brace applied
The entire procedure typically takes 60–90 minutes. Patients are usually able to go home the same day or after one night’s observation.
10. Recovery and Rehabilitation After MPFL Reconstruction
Structured, phased rehabilitation under a dedicated physiotherapist is essential to a successful outcome. Dr. SK Gupta’s team at Apollo Sage Hospital Bhopal supervises all post-operative recovery:
Phase | Timeline | Key Milestones |
Phase 1 – Protection | Week 1–3 | Brace, crutches, swelling control, quad activation |
Phase 2 – Mobilisation | Week 3–8 | Range of motion, straight-leg raises, stationary cycling |
Phase 3 – Strengthening | Week 8–16 | Closed-chain exercises, balance training, proprioception |
Phase 4 – Return to Sport | Month 4–6 | Sport-specific drills, agility, full clearance by surgeon |
Most patients walk without crutches by 3–4 weeks. Driving typically resumes at 6–8 weeks. Return to full sport, including contact sports and martial arts, is individually assessed and usually cleared between 4–6 months.
Unmatched Clinical Expertise
Dr. SK Gupta brings over 21 years of dedicated orthopaedic and arthroscopic surgical experience, with more than 12,000 surgeries performed. His specific expertise in patella stabilisation surgery and MPFL reconstruction is underpinned by advanced international training:
- FAANA Fellowship — First arthroscopy surgeon from India to be awarded this prestigious honour by the Arthroscopy Association of North America
- International Fellowships — Japan, Singapore, and Delhi; training in the world’s most advanced arthroscopic techniques
- Abhinav Bindra Foundation Trust — Recognised as a Centre of Excellence for Sports Surgeries
- Faculty and Speaker — at national and international orthopaedic conferences
Learn more about Dr. SK Gupta: drskguptaligamentsurgeonindia.com/about-dr/
International presence and training: drskguptaligamentsurgeonindia.com/international-presence/
World-Class Infrastructure at Apollo Sage Hospital, Bhopal
- JCI-accredited tertiary care facility with dedicated Arthroscopy & Sports Surgery department
- Advanced 4K arthroscopy systems and intraoperative fluoroscopy for precision graft placement
- State-of-the-art operating theatres with laminar airflow for lowest infection rates
- In-house sports physiotherapy and structured post-operative rehabilitation programme
- Round-the-clock orthopaedic emergency and post-operative monitoring
National Reach — Patients from Across India
Dr. SK Gupta’s reputation as a specialist in knee ligament and patella surgery draws patients from Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Delhi, Mumbai, and internationally. Apollo Sage Hospital Bhopal serves as a national referral centre for complex arthroscopic and sports knee surgeries.
Knee Dislocation Treatment
Knee dislocation is a severe injury where the bones in the knee joint become misaligned, often resulting in damage to ligaments, blood vessels, and nerves. It is a traumatic injury that typically occurs due to high-impact events like car accidents, sports injuries, or severe falls. The dislocation causes extreme pain, instability, and difficulty moving the knee, making it essential to seek immediate medical attention.
When it comes to knee dislocation, the treatment approach involves several key steps to restore the knee’s stability and function.
Knee dislocation treatment is essential for preventing long-term complications such as chronic pain, arthritis, and knee instability. When treated effectively, patients can regain full function of the knee and return to normal activities, including sports and physical exercise.
In cases of knee dislocation, it is important to seek care from an experienced orthopedic surgeon who specializes in complex knee injuries. Dr. S.K. Gupta, with his expertise in knee ligament reconstruction and dislocation treatment, offers comprehensive care that ensures optimal recovery and a return to an active lifestyle.
The surgery for knee dislocation is typically performed using arthroscopy, a minimally invasive technique that involves making small incisions and inserting a camera into the knee joint. This allows the surgeon to get a clear view of the internal structures and assess the damage. The procedure usually takes around two hours and can often be completed on an outpatient basis, meaning the patient can return home on the same day.
After the surgery, patients are typically given braces and crutches to use for several weeks. These tools help reduce the pressure on the knee, allowing it to heal properly. During this time, the knee will be carefully protected to prevent any further damage while the healing process takes place.
To restore strength and mobility in the knee, physical therapy is a crucial component of the recovery process. Rehabilitation exercises will focus on restoring flexibility, strengthening the muscles surrounding the knee joint, and improving overall knee function. While recovery times can vary, many patients can resume their daily activities within a few months with proper care and rehabilitation.
Thus, ACL surgery is a good option for the treatment of those patients who are suffering from a damaged ACL ligament or have a completely broken ACL ligament. The surgery would help them restore their high-intensity activities such as sports, etc. It helps reduce the pain and discomfort from the broken ligament while ensuring returning to all activities. Also, ensure that you are going for the surgical procedure only after all non-surgical procedures and treatments have been tried and did not deliver successful results. To get a complete idea of whether you should undergo the procedure, it is best to consult an orthopaedic surgeon who would assess your situation and suggest it accordingly.
11. Why Dr. SK Gupta and Apollo Sage Hospital, Bhopal?
Unmatched Clinical Expertise
Dr. SK Gupta brings over 21 years of dedicated orthopaedic and arthroscopic surgical experience, with more than 12,000 surgeries performed. His specific expertise in patella stabilisation surgery and MPFL reconstruction is underpinned by advanced international training:
- FAANA Fellowship — First arthroscopy surgeon from India to be awarded this prestigious honour by the Arthroscopy Association of North America
- International Fellowships — Japan, Singapore, and Delhi; training in the world’s most advanced arthroscopic techniques
- Abhinav Bindra Foundation Trust — Recognised as a Centre of Excellence for Sports Surgeries
- Faculty and Speaker — at national and international orthopaedic conferences
Learn more about Dr. SK Gupta: drskguptaligamentsurgeonindia.com/about-dr/
International presence and training: drskguptaligamentsurgeonindia.com/international-presence/
World-Class Infrastructure at Apollo Sage Hospital, Bhopal
- JCI-accredited tertiary care facility with dedicated Arthroscopy & Sports Surgery department
- Advanced 4K arthroscopy systems and intraoperative fluoroscopy for precision graft placement
- State-of-the-art operating theatres with laminar airflow for lowest infection rates
- In-house sports physiotherapy and structured post-operative rehabilitation programme
- Round-the-clock orthopaedic emergency and post-operative monitoring
National Reach — Patients from Across India
Dr. SK Gupta’s reputation as a specialist in knee ligament and patella surgery draws patients from Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Delhi, Mumbai, and internationally. Apollo Sage Hospital Bhopal serves as a national referral centre for complex arthroscopic and sports knee surgeries.
12. Patient Experience Observations
Patients who have undergone MPFL reconstruction under Dr. SK Gupta’s care at Apollo Sage Hospital Bhopal consistently report:
- A thorough pre-operative evaluation with clear explanation of the diagnosis and surgical plan
- Minimal post-operative pain, enabled by advanced anaesthetic and pain management protocols
- Rapid functional recovery supported by the dedicated physiotherapy programme
- Confident return to sport and active life following completion of the rehabilitation programme
Read written patient testimonials: drskguptaligamentsurgeonindia.com/written-testimonials
Watch video testimonials: drskguptaligamentsurgeonindia.com/video-testimonial-2/
Note: The above represents general observations based on the established clinical reputation and patient feedback record of Dr. SK Gupta’s practice. Individual outcomes vary.
Why Consult Dr. S.K. Gupta for Knee Dislocation Treatment
Dr. Sheetal Kumar Gupta is an arthroscopy and sports injury specialist heading the arthroscopy and joint reconstruction unit at apollo sage and galaxy hospital, Bhopal. He has been a consultant for sports medicine, Sports Authority of India & State Sports Academy and is serving National level teams of various disciplines like Hockey, Judo, Kabbadi, Water Sports, Wushu Taikwando etc.
He has done his fellowship in Arthroscopy and Sports medicine from Japan and was trained at various international surgical centres. With an experience of more than 21 years, he has performed over 12000 knee and shoulder surgeries including complex ligament surgeries and surgeries of around more than 8000 National/International level players of various disciplines. He is National and International level faculty for various seminars, conferences and workshops.
Notable Achievements:
- Trained at Japan, Germany, UK, Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand.
- Visiting sports medicine specialist Sports Authority of India (SAI).
- Ex Sports injury specialist to Indian senior Women National Hockey team.
- Ex-Dope control officer, National Anti-doping Agency (NADA).
- National faculty for advance knee and shoulder arthroscopy workshop and conferences.
- Performed more than 8000 arthroscopies independently including knee, shoulder, ankle and hip arthroscopies.
- Successfully operated over 2000 players who are back in sports and have won national and international medals after their surgeries.
- Successfully treated more than 10000 sports players of various disciplines.
- Internationally trained and more than 18 years of experience.
- Has treated National and International level players of Hockey like Sardar Singh, Shivendra, Sandeep Singh, Dilip Tirkey, Sameer Dad ; Olympic champion Ankit Sharma, Commonwealth Karate champion Supriya Jatav, world champions of Judo like Sanathoi, Kalpana Devi, Navjot to name a few and boxing legends like M.C. Mary Kom & Sarita devi.
📞 Call / WhatsApp: +91-7610101079 | +91-7611111179
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Types Of Treatments Offered By SKG Ortho Unit.
Dr. S.K. Gupta specializes in problems of shoulder, hip and knee. These are the following types of treatments that the doctor provides.
Sports Injury Treatment
HIP Surgery
Frequently Asked Questions — Patella Dislocation & MPFL Reconstruction
Q1: What is patella dislocation?
A: Patella dislocation occurs when the kneecap (patella) slides out of its normal groove (trochlea) on the thigh bone. It causes sudden pain, swelling, and an inability to straighten the knee. It is most common in young athletes and active individuals and frequently requires surgical correction when it recurs.
Q2: What is MPFL reconstruction surgery?
A: MPFL (Medial Patellofemoral Ligament) reconstruction is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that restores the torn or stretched ligament responsible for keeping the kneecap stable. A tendon graft is used to recreate this ligament, preventing future dislocations and restoring normal knee function.
Q3: When is MPFL reconstruction recommended?
A: MPFL reconstruction is recommended when the patella has dislocated more than once, when conservative treatments have failed, in athletes requiring full sports return, when cartilage is at risk, or when imaging shows significant MPFL disruption. Your surgeon will evaluate your anatomy and symptoms to decide.
Q4: What are the different MPFL graft options?
A: Common graft options include: (1) Gracilis tendon autograft — most widely used; (2) Hamstring tendon autograft; (3) Quadriceps tendon autograft; and (4) Allograft (donor tissue). Dr. SK Gupta customises the graft choice based on your anatomy, activity level, and surgical findings.
Q5: Is MPFL reconstruction an arthroscopic (keyhole) procedure?
A: Yes. Dr. SK Gupta performs MPFL reconstruction using minimally invasive arthroscopic techniques, resulting in smaller incisions, reduced blood loss, less post-operative pain, faster recovery, and lower infection risk compared to open surgery.
Q6: How long does MPFL reconstruction surgery take?
A: The procedure typically takes 60–90 minutes under general or spinal anaesthesia. It may be combined with additional procedures such as trochleoplasty or tibial tuberosity transfer if required, which may extend the operative time.
Q7: What is the recovery time after MPFL reconstruction?
A: Most patients achieve full recovery within 4–6 months. Phase 1 (weeks 1–3) focuses on protection and swelling control. Phase 2 (weeks 3–8) restores movement. Phase 3 (weeks 8–16) rebuilds strength. Phase 4 (months 4–6) enables return to sport.
Q8: Can I return to sports after MPFL reconstruction?
A: Yes. The majority of athletes successfully return to their sport following MPFL reconstruction. Return to sport typically occurs at 4–6 months, based on functional testing and surgeon assessment. Dr. SK Gupta has successfully rehabilitated numerous national and state-level athletes.
Q9: What are the risks of MPFL reconstruction surgery?
A: As with any surgery, risks include infection, bleeding, stiffness, graft failure, or anaesthesia complications. However, in experienced hands at a JCI-accredited centre like Apollo Sage Hospital, serious complications are rare. Dr. SK Gupta will discuss your individual risk profile at consultation.
Q10: What happens if patella dislocation is left untreated?
A: Untreated recurrent patella dislocation leads to progressive cartilage damage, early-onset arthritis, worsening instability, and chronic pain. Each dislocation episode increases cartilage injury risk. Early surgical correction in recurring cases prevents long-term joint deterioration.
Q11: What is the difference between MPFL repair and MPFL reconstruction?
A: MPFL repair (suturing the torn ligament) is rarely successful due to poor healing potential of the tissue. MPFL reconstruction (replacing with a tendon graft) is the gold standard and provides far more reliable, durable stability. Dr. SK Gupta performs reconstruction for most cases requiring surgery.
Q12: How is the surgeon performing the procedure?
A: Dr. SK Gupta, MS Ortho, has over 21 years of experience and has performed more than 12,000 orthopaedic surgeries. He holds international fellowships from Japan, Singapore, and Delhi, and is the first arthroscopy surgeon from India to receive the FAANA Fellowship — ensuring world-class care.
Q13: Is MPFL reconstruction available in Bhopal?
A: Yes. Dr. SK Gupta performs MPFL reconstruction at Apollo Sage Hospital Bhopal, a JCI-accredited facility equipped with advanced arthroscopy infrastructure. Patients from across Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, and all over India travel to Bhopal for this specialised surgery.
Q14: How do I book an appointment with Dr. SK Gupta in Bhopal?
A: You can book a consultation by calling 📞 +91-7610101079 or +91-7611111179, or by visiting the appointment page at apollosage.in/doctors/dr-s-k-gupta. Dr. Gupta offers in-person consultations at Apollo Sage Hospital and OrthoCITY Clinic, Bhopal.
Q15: What makes Apollo Sage Hospital the best choice for MPFL reconstruction in India?
A: Apollo Sage Hospital Bhopal, under Dr. SK Gupta’s leadership, combines over 21 years of arthroscopic expertise, international fellowship training, a dedicated sports surgery programme, and advanced arthroscopy equipment to deliver outcomes comparable to the best centres globally.
14. Book Your Consultation in Bhopal
Do not let recurrent kneecap dislocation limit your life or your sport. Expert diagnosis and surgical correction by Dr. SK Gupta at Apollo Sage Hospital Bhopal can restore stability, protect your cartilage, and get you back to full activity.
📞 +91-7610101079 | +91-7611111179
Book online at: apollosage.in/doctors/dr-s-k-gupta
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What Happens When You Have a Knee Dislocation?
A knee dislocation occurs when the bones of the knee joint (the femur, tibia, and fibula) become displaced, meaning they move out of their normal alignment. This is a serious injury and is often accompanied by severe pain. Symptoms of a knee dislocation can include:
- A visible deformity or misalignment of the knee
- Severe pain at the moment of injury
- Swelling and bruising
- Inability to move the knee or leg
- Instability in the knee joint
- Numbness or tingling in the lower leg or foot (due to nerve or blood vessel damage)
- Difficulty or inability to bear weight on the affected leg
What Causes a Knee Dislocation?
Knee dislocations typically occur as a result of significant trauma, such as:
- High-impact sports injuries
- Car accidents or other motor vehicle collisions
- Falls from a height
- Severe twisting of the knee
In many cases, knee dislocations are associated with other injuries, including damage to the ligaments (such as the ACL), blood vessels, and nerves.
Does a Knee Dislocation Require Surgery?
Surgery is often required to treat a knee dislocation due to the complexity of the injury. The bones need to be realigned, and any damage to ligaments, blood vessels, or nerves must be addressed. The key reasons for surgical intervention include:
- Realignment of the knee joint
- Repair of torn ligaments (such as the ACL or PCL)
- Restoration of blood vessel function
- Repair of nerve damage
In some cases, if the knee dislocation is not associated with significant damage to the ligaments or other structures, non-surgical treatment may be possible, but this is rare.
What Are the Symptoms of Knee Dislocation?
Symptoms of a knee dislocation include:
- A visibly dislocated or deformed knee
- Intense pain and tenderness
- Swelling, bruising, and discoloration around the knee
- Limited or absent range of motion in the knee joint
- Numbness or tingling in the lower leg or foot
- Instability or inability to bear weight on the affected leg
If the knee is dislocated, it is essential to seek emergency medical care immediately, as the injury can involve significant damage to the knee’s soft tissue and surrounding structures.
Treatment for Knee Dislocation
The treatment for knee dislocation depends on the severity of the injury, including the extent of damage to the ligaments, blood vessels, and nerves. Treatment options may include:
Non-Surgical Treatment for Knee Dislocation
In some cases, conservative treatment may be recommended, which may include:
- Closed Reduction: In cases where the dislocation is not accompanied by extensive ligament, vascular, or nerve damage, the doctor may attempt a closed reduction to realign the knee bones manually.
- Immobilization: After reduction, a cast, brace, or splint may be used to keep the knee joint stable while it heals.
- Rest and Elevation: Keeping weight off the knee and elevating it can help reduce swelling.
- Ice and Compression: Applying ice and compression can reduce pain and swelling during the initial recovery phase.
- Physiotherapy: After the joint has healed, physical therapy will be necessary to restore mobility and strength.
Surgical Treatment for Knee Dislocation
Surgery is often required in cases of knee dislocations to address the following:
- Joint Realignment: To restore the normal position of the bones in the knee.
- Ligament Repair: Surgeons may need to repair or reconstruct damaged ligaments, such as the ACL or PCL.
- Blood Vessel Repair: If the knee dislocation causes damage to the arteries or veins supplying blood to the leg, surgery may be needed to restore blood flow.
- Nerve Repair: In severe cases, if nerve damage is present, surgery may be necessary to address the nerve injury.
Preparation for Knee Dislocation Treatment
Before undergoing treatment for a knee dislocation, the following steps are typically recommended:
- Physical Examination: A detailed physical exam will be performed to assess pain, swelling, range of motion, and the overall stability of the knee joint.
- Imaging Tests: X-rays are essential to confirm the dislocation and rule out any fractures. An MRI or CT scan may be performed to assess damage to ligaments, tendons, and other soft tissues.
- Blood Flow and Nerve Function: Tests to assess blood circulation and nerve function may be done to evaluate any associated vascular or nerve injuries.
Post-Operative Care for Knee Dislocation Surgery
Recovery after knee dislocation surgery requires time and care to ensure proper healing:
- Rest and Elevation: Keeping the leg elevated in the first few days after surgery is crucial to minimize swelling.
- Pain Management: Painkillers will be prescribed to manage discomfort during the recovery phase.
- Physical Therapy: Physiotherapy is crucial to restore mobility, strength, and function to the knee joint after surgery. Rehabilitation may take several months.
- Weight-bearing Restrictions: Initially, weight-bearing may be restricted, and crutches or a brace will be needed to aid in mobility.
- Follow-Up Appointments: Regular check-ups with the surgeon will be needed to monitor progress and ensure that the knee is healing properly.
Risks and Complications of Knee Dislocation Treatment
As with any surgical procedure, treating a knee dislocation carries certain risks, including:
- Infection at the surgical site
- Nerve damage
- Persistent knee pain or stiffness
- Blood clots
- Limited range of motion
- Damage to blood vessels or ligaments
- Recurrent dislocations
Cost of Knee Dislocation Treatment in India
The cost of treating a knee dislocation can vary widely, depending on factors such as:
- The severity of the injury and treatment approach (non-surgical vs. surgical)
- Hospital or clinic location and reputation
- Surgeon’s experience and expertise
- Diagnostic tests, imaging, and post-surgery care
- Duration of rehabilitation and physical therapy
In general, the cost for knee dislocation treatment may range from INR 40,000 to INR 3,00,000 or more.
Qualities of a Top Knee Surgeon in India
A skilled knee surgeon should possess the following qualities:
- Board Certification and Specialization: Ensure the surgeon is certified and specializes in knee injuries and dislocations.
- Experience: Choose a surgeon with significant experience in treating knee dislocations.
- Reputation: Look for surgeons with a strong reputation in orthopedic care, particularly in trauma and joint reconstruction.
- Patient Comfort: The surgeon should have excellent communication skills, creating a comfortable environment for the patient.
- Comprehensive Approach: A top surgeon will provide a detailed, individualized treatment plan and follow-up care.
- Commitment to Recovery: The best surgeons are dedicated to helping patients recover and return to normal activity.
How to Choose the Best Knee Surgeon in India
Choosing the right orthopedic surgeon is vital for successful knee dislocation treatment. Here are a few tips to help in your selection:
- Seek Recommendations: Ask your primary care physician or friends and family for recommendations.
- Check Credentials: Verify that the surgeon is board-certified and has a proven track record with knee injuries.
- Research Online Reviews: Check patient reviews and testimonials to learn more about the surgeon’s approach and success rates.
- Consultation: Schedule a consultation to discuss your injury, treatment options, and the surgeon’s experience with knee dislocations.
- Assess Hospital Reputation: Choose a hospital with excellent orthopedic care and patient outcomes.
- Insurance Coverage: Ensure that the surgeon accepts your insurance plan to reduce out-of-pocket expenses.
Author Bio
Dr. S.K. Gupta | MS Ortho. (Mumbai) | FAANA (USA) | FIAS (Japan) | FAPOA (Singapore)
Director — Arthroscopy & Joint Replacement, Apollo Sage Hospital, Bhopal
Dr. S.K. Gupta is a Senior Orthopaedic, Knee & Shoulder Surgeon with 21+ years of experience and 12,500+ surgeries performed. He holds an MS in Orthopaedics from LTMMC Medical College & Sion Hospital Mumbai and international fellowships from Japan, USA, Singapore, and Delhi. Widely known as the “Meniscus Man of India”, he is the first arthroscopy surgeon from India to receive the prestigious FAANA Fellowship and is recognized by the Abhinav Bindra Foundation Trust as a Centre of Excellence for Sports Surgeries. His surgical techniques are published in leading international journals.
Full Profile: https://drskguptaligamentsurgeonindia.com/about-dr/
Medical Disclaimer
The information on this page is intended for general educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. It does not replace a professional medical consultation, diagnosis, or treatment recommendation. Every patient’s condition is unique. Please consult Dr. SK Gupta or a qualified orthopaedic surgeon to determine the most appropriate treatment for your individual situation. Do not delay seeking professional medical advice based on information read on this website.
Why Choose Us for MPFL Surgery
Why choose our "surgeon"?
- Our surgeon Dr S.K Gupta is a world renowned knee and shoulder surgeon with extensive experience of ACL and meniscus surgeries.
- He has over 21 years of focused work-experience in knee and shoulder arthroscopy and12000 + successful surgeries.
- He has experience of successful treatment of hundreds of International and national sports persons.
- His highest level of qualifications and mastery in his work, is the reason of making him first choice for ACL Meniscus treatment by patients from across the country.
Why Choose Us?
- We are dedicated Arthroscopy Centre with highest number of ACL and meniscus surgeries.
- This makes every member of the team in your service, highly competent and experienced for ACL and Meniscus surgery pre-op, intra-op, post-op and rehabilitation management.
- We are well known for affordable cost and cashless facility with combination of best surgeon, best equipments, best implants, and specially trained team for knee and shoulder surgery care.
Why does "surgeon's experience" matter?
- The successful result of surgery depends very much on the detailed and focused expertise of surgeon and his team.
- Experience and skills of your surgeon is the most important factor for successful result.
- You must research well about it, as the primary surgery is the most important chance.
Why choose our "operation theatre" and OT team?
- Hi-Tech modular operation theatres, high precision International equipments for arthroscopy, world class OT machinery specific for knee and shoulder surgery
- Protocol based and highly skilled OT team with focussed work in knee and shoulder arthroscopy plays a vital role in surgical success.
- All our operation theatres are well equipped with planum with HEPA filters. High efficiency HEPA filters can remove 99.97 to 99.99% of airborne particles including smallest bacteria to the size of 0.3 microns. This helps to safeguard our patient from infections.
- The hospital has well defined “infection control guidelines” to be followed by all team members. This helps in reducing the infection rate to less than 0.1%.
- “Triple Level checks” for sterility and disinfection of implants and OT support materials is strictly followed.
- “WHO surgical Safety protocol” for Sign-IN, Time-Out, Sign-Out is adhered to In 100% patients.
- “High pressure autoclave with Pre-Vac” and “ETO sterilization” procedures are used.
- Wheeling in, Wheeling out and anaesthesia safety protocols are strictly followed. One Way Traffic protocol is followed.
- Central Medical gases oxygen and nitrous supply And central suction systems are in place.
- Pressure Dampeners are active to maintain OR pressures. Humidity Checks are done to maintain evidence based recommended guidelines.
Why "post-op care" matters?
KPI (Key Performance Indicators) are being regularly caught, audited and analyzed. Team Galaxy takes utmost care and as a result the captured para are between 0 to 0.13%. This practice is one of the central reasons for our very high success rate.
Post Op care team is regularly following Care Bundles like-
- PVC insertion Care Bundle
- PVR Daily Care Bundle
- Catheter Insertion Care Bundle
- Catheter Daily Care Bundle
- SS care Bundle
- WHO Hand Hygiene Protocol
- Universal Precautions
Patient Safety Protocols being followed are like-
- “7 Level Check” for Side identification
- Pre-Operative Checklist
- BT prep and safety protocol
- Belongings and Material Handover Protocol
- Surgical Site Marking Protocol
- Patient Identification Protocol
- Admission and Discharge Protocol
- Checklist for shifting from OR to Recovery SICU
- Checklist for shifting from SICU to Ward
- The finest details of immediate post-op depends on the expertise of medical, nursing and rehabilitation team.
Why does our "rehabilitation team results" excel?
- The team follows “Surgical age-based assessments and reassessments” to formulate the customized care.
- Rehab is planned “One-O-One as per the milestones achieved” by the patient till visit date.
- Phases of Rehab are scientifically based on division into Macrocycle, Mesocycle and Microcycles of care, the Pre-Injury level of activity, the Surgical details of patient as per the surgeon; and “not one size fits all” method.
- The “5-Staged Plan of Care” of post op rehabilitation is followed for holistic recovery of patients –
- Protection & Activation
- Recovery of Range
- Strength Development
- Functional Integration Inclusion
- RTS If Sports Person
- Sports-Persons’ prolonged follow up to Return To Sports after RTS Testing is followed.
- Regular skill upgrade training of team is done as per new international guidelines.
- Our Physiotherapy team serves large number of ACL and meniscus surgery post operative patients, with close follow up, for return to normal and return to Sports.
- This huge experience in knee and shoulder surgery rehabilitation is the reason for their best results.
- Our successful results are the reason, why our old patients send other patients for similar results.
Contact Us
Happy to Serve Pt. From Various Cities
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